Red Blood Cell Disorders Introduction

Red Blood Cell Normal Indices

Diameter 7.5microns

	Male	Female	Unit
Hemoglobin	13.5	12.5	Gm/dl
Hematocrit Hct	39-49	33-43	%
RBC count	4.2-5.6	3.8-5.0	Million/microlitre
Reticulocyte count	0.5-1.5		%
MCV	80-100		femtolitre
MCHC	33-35		Gm/dl
MCH	28-34		picogram
RDW	11.5-14.5

Mean cell volume (MCV): the average volume per red cell, expressed in femtoliters (cubic microns)

Mean cell hemoglobin (MCH): the average content (mass) of hemoglobin per red cell, expressed in picograms

Mean cell hemoglobin concentration (MCHC): the average concentration of hemoglobin in a given volume of packed red cells, expressed in grams per deciliter

Red cell distribution width (RDW): the coefficient of variation of red cell volume.

Polychromasia - RBCs of different colors

Anisocytosis - … different sizes

Poikilocytosis - … different shapes

Schistocytes - RBCs fragments

Echinocytes(burr cells) - RBCs with regular projections, seen in Renal disease

Acanthocytes(spur cells) - RBCs with irregular margins , seen in Liver disease

RBC Disorders

Anemias

Polycythemias

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Different types of Heart Murmurs with Sound

ⒸPathologynuggets. Notes to review for medical students, residents, and doctors Hello! welcome to our new blog post on cardiac murmurs. In this blog post about heart murmurs, we review the most common types of heart murmurs. Murmur is the sound of blood flowing abnormally through the heart valves and most often signs of valve disorders. If you are new to the blog, don't forget to show your support by like and subscribe. Read till the end of the blog for some bonus tips! Now let's continue our review. Normal heart sounds consist of sounds S1 and S2. S1 represents closure of mitral valve and tricuspid valves at the beginning of systole. S2 represents the closure of aortic and pulmonic valves at beginning of diastole. Thus, the interval between s1 and s2 represents systole, and in this interval systolic murmurs are heard Similarly, diastolic murmurs are heard at the interval between s2 and s1. So, what are the most common types of heart murmurs? For easy understanding, we can di...

Approach to Types of Vasculitis -- Easy review notes of Large, Medium, Small vessel and other Vasculitides

ⒸPathologynuggets. Notes to review for medical students, residents, and doctors. Vasculitides are autoimmuine disorders characterized by inflammation of blood vessels. Most of them are chronic systemic disorders that affect the multiple systems and should be considered in differential diagnoses of any multisystem illness. Vasculitis can be divided into large vessel, medium vessel or small vessel vasculitis based on the size of the vessels involved. Large Vessel Vasculitis ‌Giant cell arterities or Temporal arteritis Takayasu arterities Medium Vessel Vasculitis ‌Polyarterities Nodosa Kawasaki Disease Small Vessel Vasculitis ‌Granulomatosis with Polyangitis(GPA) ‌Microscopic polyangitis (MPA) ‌Eosinophilic Granulomatosis with Polyangitis (EGPA) ** Small vessel vasculitides GPA, MPA and EGPA are also known as ANCA ...

Diffuse Axonal Injury --- A quick review of high yield points

Diffuse axonal injury is a type of brain injury caused by trauma in cases of sudden acceleration-deceleration. It is commonly seen in cases of high-speed vehicle accidents. Which areas of the brain are affected by this type of injury? It mostly affects the areas where brain matter density difference is maximum. Therefore, the most commonly affected areas are gray-white junctions. It affects white matter nerve fiber tracts in these regions. Clinical Findings: Although the findings can vary from insignificant to comatose state, most cases are classified as severe with a GCS score of less than 8. Symptoms include headache, dizziness, nausea, vomiting, loss of consciousness, etc File : Compare SWI and GRE Trauma.png Source: Karen Tong Author: SBarnes CC Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported Diagnosis: Diffuse axonal injury is diagnosed clinically. The clinical findings in these patients are out of proportion to CT Imaging findings. The patient is unc...

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